This has led to concern over the rise of what has come to be called “synthetic media” and “AI slop” which are generated by AI and rapidly spread over social media and the internet. In June 2023, hundreds of people attended a “ChatGPT-powered church service” at St. Paul’s Church in Fürth, Germany. Geoffrey Hinton, one of the “fathers of AI”, voiced concerns that future AI systems may surpass human intelligence.

GPT-4o

ChatGPT also provided an outline of how human reviewers are trained to reduce inappropriate content and to attempt to provide political information without affiliating with any political position. GPT-5 was launched on August 7, 2025, and is publicly accessible through ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and via OpenAI’s API. In September, OpenAI partnered with Stripe, Inc. to release Agentic Commerce Protocol, enabling purchases through ChatGPT. This tool allows a user to customize ChatGPT’s behavior for a specific use case.

• None of the tested services were a perfect replacement for a fluent human translator.
• This tool allows a user to customize ChatGPT’s behavior for a specific use case.

{

• The Pro launch coincided with the release of the o1 model, providing unlimited access to o1 and advanced voice mode.

|}{

• The laborers were exposed to toxic and traumatic content; one worker described the assignment as “torture”.

|}{

• It is capable of writing software, answering codebase questions, running tests, and proposing pull requests.

|}

• This could enable ChatGPT to keep track of larger documents and conversations, and to handle more complex projects.

Model versions

ChatGPT is based on GPT foundation models that have been fine-tuned for conversational assistance. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In the case of supervised learning, the trainers acted as both the user and the AI assistant. In the reinforcement learning stage, human trainers first ranked responses generated by the model in previous conversations. Despite its acclaim, the chatbot has been criticized for its limitations and potential for unethical use.
This could enable ChatGPT to keep track of larger documents and conversations, and to handle more complex projects. In August 2025, OpenAI released GPT-5, its fastest and smartest model to date, and the current language model for ChatGPT. OpenAI claims that GPT-5 outperforms past models in math, real-world coding, multimodal understanding and health knowledge, and is also less likely to hallucinate or make false claims. It can also be fine-tuned for specific use cases such as legal documents or medical records, where the model is trained on domain-specific data. In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers. It is designed to generate human-like text and can carry out a wide variety of tasks.

Who Created ChatGPT?

The languages tested were Polish, French, Korean, Spanish, Arabic, Tagalog, and Amharic. For more common languages, AI translators like ChatGPT did better than Google Translate, while for “niche” languages (Amharic and Tagalog), Google Translate performed better. None of the tested services were a perfect replacement for a fluent human translator.
According to an OpenAI blog post, ChatGPT will build memories on its own over time, though users can also prompt the bot to remember specific details — or forget them. Not only can ChatGPT generate working computer code of its own (in many different languages), but it can also translate code from one language to another, and debug existing code. This is used to not only help the model determine the best output, but it also helps improve the training process, enabling it to answer questions more effectively.

Model Research

{

• In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers.
• Geoffrey Hinton, one of the “fathers of AI”, voiced concerns that future AI systems may surpass human intelligence.

{

• It can generate plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical answers known as hallucinations.

|}

• It currently uses GPT-5, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT), to generate text, speech, and images in response to user prompts.

{

• OpenAI claims that GPT-5 outperforms past models in math, real-world coding, multimodal understanding and health knowledge, and is also less likely to hallucinate or make false claims.

|}{

• Not only can ChatGPT generate working computer code of its own (in many different languages), but it can also translate code from one language to another, and debug existing code.

|}

|}
In late March 2023, the Italian data protection authority banned ChatGPT in Italy and opened an investigation. OpenAI said it has taken steps to effectively clarify and address the issues raised; an age verification tool was implemented to ensure users are at least 13 years old. The language models used in ChatGPT are specifically optimized for dialogue and were trained using reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Some, including Nature and JAMA Network, “require that authors disclose the use of text-generating tools and ban listing a large language model (LLM) such as ChatGPT as a co-author”. As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work. Despite this, users may “jailbreak” ChatGPT with prompt engineering techniques to bypass these restrictions.

Contents

• ChatGPT’s training data only covers a period up to the cut-off date, so it lacks knowledge of recent events.

{

• OpenAI announces the ChatGPT Pro plan, a new premium plan for ChatGPT users to access even more features.

|}{

• As of 2023, there were several pending U.S. lawsuits challenging the use of copyrighted data to train AI models, with defendants arguing that this falls under fair use.

|}

• This is used to not only help the model determine the best output, but it also helps improve the training process, enabling it to answer questions more effectively.

{

• In one instance, ChatGPT generated a rap in which women and scientists of color were asserted to be inferior to white male scientists.

|}

• It can also be fine-tuned for specific use cases such as legal documents or medical records, where the model is trained on domain-specific data.

ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and released in November 2022. It currently uses GPT-5, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT), to generate text, speech, and images in response to user prompts. OpenAI initially releases this feature to users who pay for the Plus, Team or Enterprise plan.
{

Image and Voice Recognition; Text to Speech (September

|}
As of 2025, ChatGPT’s website is among the 5 most-visited websites globally, and has over 800 million active weekly users. AI agents represent stage three of AGI, enhancing ChatGPT’s reasoning abilities and enabling it to complete a broader range of tasks without human assistance. OpenAI announced the addition of product recommendations on ChatGPT when users implied shopping intent in their queries.
{

GPT-5 vs. GPT 4o

|}
Robin Bauwens, an assistant professor at Tilburg University, found that a ChatGPT-generated peer review report on his article mentioned nonexistent studies. A 2023 study reported that GPT-4 obtained a better score than 99% of humans on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Stanford researchers reported that GPT-4 “passes a rigorous Turing test, diverging from average human behavior chiefly to Rolldorado casino be more cooperative.” Released in February 2025, GPT-4.5 was described by Altman as a “giant, expensive model”. In July, OpenAI released ChatGPT agent, an AI agent that can perform multi-step tasks. It is capable of writing software, answering codebase questions, running tests, and proposing pull requests.